Bulletin: "An organised collection of news stories broadcast on radio or television at a
regular time. It can also include elements such as sports reports, stock market
information, weather reports etc. In the US, a bulletin is more commonly called
a newscast".
A bulletin is a collection of
news stories broadcast on the radio at regular intervals. Depending on the
nature of the station, the news stories involved could range from politics and
the economy to sports and showbiz. The particular programme I looked at was
BBC’s ‘World at One’ which usually deals with mainly political news and current
affairs. The stories featured on the show are primarily politically based and
meant to induce thought and argument. This bulletin is played Monday to Friday 1 PM till 1.45 PM in the afternoon. This particular bulletin is quite long due to the nature of the radio station and its demographics and targeted age range (typically A-C2, though it can be below and most likely 30 and up). However, on radio stations that are targeted at a younger audience, such as BBC Radio 1, the bulletins will only be approximately 3-4 minutes.
Quote Source: http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/glossary.html
Quote Source: http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/glossary.html
Headline: "In broadcasting, headlines are short summaries of a few important stories that
will follow in full in the bulletin. Closing headlines come at the end of a
bulletin".
Headlines in terms of radio news
programmes are brief descriptions of the news events that are to be told in
more detail during the course of the show. They are told before the main news
bulletin. This allows people to know what is to be featured and for them to
decide whether or not to continue watching. The launch of the Labour Party’s
General Election campaign, George Osborne’s attack on Labour’s spending plans,
the controversy on Ched Evans and the celebration of the BBC World at One
turning 50. The above headlines feature a news reporter outlining the basis of
the news story and some also feature an audio excerpt from the larger piece.
For example, following the announcement of the launching of the Labour Party
General Election campaign, a small audio clip is played featuring Labour leader
Ed Miliband discussing reasons why to vote for his party.
Quote Source: http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/glossary.html
Quote Source: http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/glossary.html
News Programme: "A news programme is defined as being a radio
broadcast presenting important recent events or current affairs, often
presented "live". A single broadcast or account presenting important
recent events or developments is often a breaking news or investigative report".
A news programme is a radio broadcast which presents a bulletin of events and current affairs. The nature of the news on the show will depend on the radio station. For example, BBC Radio 1 will present news relevant to people aged 16-25, such as celebrity and sports news. However, BBC Radio 4 will present more thoughtful and in-depth news, such as politics and debates, with it generally being aimed at people 30 and over.The radio programme I listened to is a news programme and
was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4. The show was presented by Martha Kearney, who has presented the 50 year old show since 2007. Kearney immediately establishes the show as a news programme, labeling it as '45 minutes of news and content'.
Quote Source: http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/glossary.html
Copy Only: "Written-out version of a news story, the text of which is read on the air; a newscast is made up of a collection of scripts read by an anchor (While this is a television term, it can be applied to a radio show with 'copy' replacing 'script')".
Copy only is quite literally a script, which is read out by a news presenter. Copy is written text and will usually be read in the studio. BBC's World at One uses copy numerous times, where only the presenter contributes to the news story and no reporters are used via live/as-live crosses. There will often be no audio excerpts either. An example of copy only within the news programme I listened to is when Kearney talked about the Green Party leader Natalie Bennett, the Home Secretary Theresa May and the Pope's visit to a country. On each one, the presenter only read from copy. Using copy only is something that will be used commonly in news reports, as many radio news bulletins are brief and last no longer than 2-3 minutes. The particular example I have used is sports related and it makes sense from a workload and subject intelligence point of view, to use a sports correspondent to create the piece rather than someone such as Martha Kearney.
Quote Source: http://www.newscript.com/glossary.html
Voicers: "An on-the-spot report of an event by a radio or TV reporter, sometimes read by a reporter who is not necessarily at the news scene".
A voicer is a form of a voice-over, as someone who is not present at the radio show will contribute to it from a different location. This could include any types of reports that require someone to be in a different location. Voicers are often recorded reports and can be understood to be just that, as there is no implication that the journalist is present in the radio studio. An example of a voicer occurs from 3:07 - 4:10 when Martha Kearney introduces voicer content by announcing: "As our sports correspondent Ben Smith reports...". The piece by Smith is clearly recorded and not live.
Quote Source: http://www.qsl.net/n2jac/jota2k/BROADCAST%20GLOSSARY.htm#V
Wraps: "A recorded report in which a journalist's voice occurs at the beginning and end, An actuality is played in between; the report is "wrapped around" the actuality".
"A cover; a summary; completion; a show-business term to indicate completion of a scene; also called insert, package, takeout, wrap-around, or wrapper. A news report that combines the voice of the announcer, the voice of the newsmaker, and background sound".
A wrap is a news report in which the journalist's voice can be heard both before and after a report. The wrap may literally 'wrap things up' and summarise the story for the audience. However, in radio it is the reporters voice wrapped around the actuality, or news story. An example is when Martha Kearney reports states that 'the news is read by Susan Ray...'. Ray then reports on Tory spending cuts and uses a voicer of another journalist during it. Once this specific news story has finished, Kearney resumes reporting other news.
Quote Sources (respectively): http://www.newscript.com/glossary.html & http://www.qsl.net/n2jac/jota2k/BROADCAST%20GLOSSARY.htm#V
Live Cross: This is when during the live news, the reader passes over to their correspondent that will be broadcasting live from another location, This will be to continue the story, possibly live from the location of the event.
A live cross is when a presenter will pass over a report to a correspondent that will be broadcasting live from a different location. It can usually be distinguished from an 'as-live' cross by the fact the audio may be slightly broken, with interference and background noise. An example is when Martha Kearney crosses live to sports correspondent Dan Rowan outside of Oldham Athletic's ground, Boundary Park. He is reporting on the club's then possible signing of Ched Evans and the controversy surrounding it. By having a person at the location, they can get breaking news as soon as it comes in, which means the correspondent can report news which is regularly updated. It also looks more professional and allows for more people to present the news workload.
Two Way (live and as-live):
An example of a two-way piece in the radio is during an interview with Paul Johnston from 11:10 -13:40 on Tory spending. Johnston is clearly speaking via a phone-in. It is likely that he is merely somewhere such as at home rather than in an official studio place.
Quote Source: http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/glossary.html
Copy Only: "Written-out version of a news story, the text of which is read on the air; a newscast is made up of a collection of scripts read by an anchor (While this is a television term, it can be applied to a radio show with 'copy' replacing 'script')".
Copy only is quite literally a script, which is read out by a news presenter. Copy is written text and will usually be read in the studio. BBC's World at One uses copy numerous times, where only the presenter contributes to the news story and no reporters are used via live/as-live crosses. There will often be no audio excerpts either. An example of copy only within the news programme I listened to is when Kearney talked about the Green Party leader Natalie Bennett, the Home Secretary Theresa May and the Pope's visit to a country. On each one, the presenter only read from copy. Using copy only is something that will be used commonly in news reports, as many radio news bulletins are brief and last no longer than 2-3 minutes. The particular example I have used is sports related and it makes sense from a workload and subject intelligence point of view, to use a sports correspondent to create the piece rather than someone such as Martha Kearney.
Quote Source: http://www.newscript.com/glossary.html
Voicers: "An on-the-spot report of an event by a radio or TV reporter, sometimes read by a reporter who is not necessarily at the news scene".
A voicer is a form of a voice-over, as someone who is not present at the radio show will contribute to it from a different location. This could include any types of reports that require someone to be in a different location. Voicers are often recorded reports and can be understood to be just that, as there is no implication that the journalist is present in the radio studio. An example of a voicer occurs from 3:07 - 4:10 when Martha Kearney introduces voicer content by announcing: "As our sports correspondent Ben Smith reports...". The piece by Smith is clearly recorded and not live.
Quote Source: http://www.qsl.net/n2jac/jota2k/BROADCAST%20GLOSSARY.htm#V
Wraps: "A recorded report in which a journalist's voice occurs at the beginning and end, An actuality is played in between; the report is "wrapped around" the actuality".
"A cover; a summary; completion; a show-business term to indicate completion of a scene; also called insert, package, takeout, wrap-around, or wrapper. A news report that combines the voice of the announcer, the voice of the newsmaker, and background sound".
A wrap is a news report in which the journalist's voice can be heard both before and after a report. The wrap may literally 'wrap things up' and summarise the story for the audience. However, in radio it is the reporters voice wrapped around the actuality, or news story. An example is when Martha Kearney reports states that 'the news is read by Susan Ray...'. Ray then reports on Tory spending cuts and uses a voicer of another journalist during it. Once this specific news story has finished, Kearney resumes reporting other news.
Quote Sources (respectively): http://www.newscript.com/glossary.html & http://www.qsl.net/n2jac/jota2k/BROADCAST%20GLOSSARY.htm#V
Live Cross: This is when during the live news, the reader passes over to their correspondent that will be broadcasting live from another location, This will be to continue the story, possibly live from the location of the event.
A live cross is when a presenter will pass over a report to a correspondent that will be broadcasting live from a different location. It can usually be distinguished from an 'as-live' cross by the fact the audio may be slightly broken, with interference and background noise. An example is when Martha Kearney crosses live to sports correspondent Dan Rowan outside of Oldham Athletic's ground, Boundary Park. He is reporting on the club's then possible signing of Ched Evans and the controversy surrounding it. By having a person at the location, they can get breaking news as soon as it comes in, which means the correspondent can report news which is regularly updated. It also looks more professional and allows for more people to present the news workload.
Two Way (live and as-live):
Two way (live and ‘as-live’) - An interview
conducted by a presenter in the studio with a correspondent in the field. This can be linked with "Live
Cross" the difference is that both the presenter and the voicer are live
to the audience and they can react to each other such as questions that the
presenter asks and assessing the situation of the event.
An example of a two-way piece in the radio is during an interview with Paul Johnston from 11:10 -13:40 on Tory spending. Johnston is clearly speaking via a phone-in. It is likely that he is merely somewhere such as at home rather than in an official studio place.
Related to
Audience:
In radio news terms, related to audience means that the news
content will appeal and be of interest to the demographic and target audience
for that station. The news may affect them directly or indirectly and may
change things in their life. If the radio station is only aimed at a certain
audience, it makes sense to have news that is related to them and their
interests. One radio station I looked at and one that has news related to the audience
is ‘Gaydio’. Gaydio is a radio station that was launched in 2006 and that plays
contemporary hits. The station is aimed at the LGBT community and seeks to
provide an independent platform for them to listen to. The news items that
featured on the news bulletin included: Laws enabling people to discriminate
against LGBT people when exchanging food for business, free banking in Britain and
parklife banning man bags. The first news story would definitely appeal to the
community while the others may do too. Other examples of related to audience
include stations such as Classic FM. This station is aimed at older listeners
and will therefore usually have news items on politics, pensions and living
prices, all things which would interest older people.
Public
Service:
This term does not refer to public service radio such as the
BBC, but to radio news that is of service to the public. Different types of
news can inform the public in many ways and can educate people on a variety of
topics. An example could be a bulletin on a radio station that informs drivers
of any motorway news such as closed roads, conditions and delays. Public
service news would usually be specific to an area, as the majority of the types
of news would only be of interest to a certain audience. Other examples of
public service news include the weather. Public service news is often very important
in some aspects and is news that many people will NEED not WANT to hear. For
example, a celebrity wedding is not of public service but, if a war was
declared, then that would need to be known. Radio was used during World War Two
to announce the start of the war and to give people updates on the war
throughout its 6 year span. This is an example of public service news.
Commercial:
Commercial news does not refer to commercial radio but, to the
commercial world of business’ and products. Commercial news will be of interest
to people who often deal with commercial products in their everyday life and
can include insurance offers, shop deals and new phones. Commercial news can
vary from station to station. BBC Radio 1 has a younger listening audience and therefore
commercial news may feature news on new technology such as new phones, games
consoles, tablets and computers. Commercial news will only deal with the
biggest products and ones that are gathering the most attention. For example,
nobody would be interested if a small electronics company were releasing new
earphones, but many would be interested if Apple were releasing their new
iPhone. Commercial news almost acts as extra advertisement but, the product may
be so big that the majority of people already know about it.
Community:
The content of community news and its subsequent listener interest
will often be confined to a small town or city. Community news will only relate
to a community and will generally only be of interest to those people. However,
if the community is quite large, more regional and national news may be told
during a bulletin if the news can be deemed of interest enough. For example, a
community radio may tell the scores of a national England team’s game (cricket,
football rugby). If a community is big enough and is somewhere that enjoys
sport, then this type of national news may be broadcast. An example of a
station that plays community news is Salford City Radio- a community station.
The type of news that this would station would typically broadcast would be of interest
to people who live in Salford and the surrounding area. News could include: the
weather, local sporting results, local elections (Salford and Eccles constituency),
upcoming events and new buildings, shops etc. The news bulletin we listened to
from this station however, only had national news and no local news at all. It
appears to have been taken from a Sky News broadcast and is quite
unprofessional on the part of the station. However, the typical news it would
broadcast can be seen in the examples given above.
Small
Scale:
Small scale news is news that is literally only aimed at a
small amount of people, most likely for any amount from a few hundred to a few
thousand. The news will specifically relate to those people and will generally
be of interest to all listeners. An example would be a hospital radio. The news
could be anything from news on the current state of the NHS to health news to
viral outbreaks within the facility. The news could help people in various
ways, depending on the nature of their reason for listening (patient, nurse,
visitor, etc). Another example of small-scale news can be on a college radio
station. My college has E6 radio, a station that can be broadcast into both the
college’s café and canteen. The news that could be listed on a college’s radio
station could include: college activities, closure times or things such as
parents evenings.
Regional:
A region is far bigger than a community and there are
several of them within England. Some of the regions include London, North West,
South-West and the East/West Midlands. The BBC does not have regional radio
stations, as the different regions are broken up into local radio stations. However,
commercial radio stations are much more likely to be region-specific. For
example Heart North west broadcast to the North West. Regional radio stations
will typically have news relating to that region, but more likely to say news
for the nation on the whole. The bulletin will typically feature elements of
both national and regional news. Some of the news featured on a regional radio
station may include that region’s sporting teams results, the seats won by MP’s
in that area of election and big events that are happening (festivals, concerts
etc.). Regional news will tend to be more specific than national news but, less
specific to an area than national news, for example.
National:
National news is news that is of interest to people all over
in the country and not necessarily specific to a region or community. The BBC
has radio stations that broadcast all over the country such as BBC’s Radio 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Each one will typically have different news stories due to
their different target audiences and demographics. For example, BBC Radio 1 is
aimed at an audience of 15-26 and will therefore have more entertainment and
showbiz than other radio stations. In general however, a typical national news
bulletin will feature a variety of news that appeals to many people all over
the country. Some of the news featured could include: National sporting results
(English teams and local teams that is of interest to many people), national election
results, international news, entertainment news and awards results. The type of
news within a subject will depend on who is the radio station’s audience. For example,
Radio 4 might tell of the best actor and actress awards for the Oscars, along
with other things such as original screenplay, while Radio 1 may only keep it
brief and merely say who won the best film.